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Đào Duy Từ
Đào Duy Từ (1572–1634) was a Vietnamese scholar, poet, military adviser, and mandarin who served under the reign of Nguyễn lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên.〔Thê ́Anh Nguyêñ, Alain Forest ''Guerre et paix en Asie du Sud-Est'' 1998 - Page 119 "Đào Duy Tù (1572-1634) may be considered as the first Đảng Trong poet. He was excluded from the competitive race for position and wealth in the north because the Trịnh lords categorized and scorned him as being from a family of entertainers, so he went south and served the Nguyễn lords, for whom he designed the system of walls at Đồng Hới. Poems attributed to him use a very different Buddhist rhetoric from the poetry of Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm. Time, rather than being cyclic, is empty :.."〕
==Early life==
Đào Duy Từ, born in Hoa Trai village, Ngọc Sơn, Tĩnh Gia, Thanh Hóa (present day Vân Trai, Hải Nhân, Tĩnh Gia District, Thanh Hóa Province), was a son of Đào Tả Hán, a Vietnamese folk singer, who died when Từ was five years old.〔Tôn Thất Bình, p. 9〕 After this Từ was raised solely by his mother, a woman named Vũ Thị Kim Chi. When Từ was 14 years old his mother sent him to study Confucianism under a local scholar named Nguyễn Đức Khoa. Đào Duy Từ was however forbidden from taking the court examination because his father's profession as a folk singer〔 was considered the most shameful profession under the Confucian system of the Lê Dynasty.〔
Từ's mother managed to bribe a low-ranking mandarin named Lưu Minh Phương to change Tu's surname from Đào to Vũ which gave Từ a chance to take the court examination. In 1593, Đào Duy Từ, under the false name Vũ Duy Từ, passed his first court examination which prompted Lưu Minh Phương to demand that Từ's mother marry him as a payment for his help.〔 Phương's demand was rejected and therefore he angrily reported the case of Đào Duy Từ to a local mandarin.〔Tôn Thất Bình, p. 10〕 Because of this Từ was expelled from the examination school while he was taking the second court examination in Thăng Long. After learning of this failure his mother blamed herself and committed suicide by cutting her throat. Both his mother's death and his failure in the examination lead to Từ becoming seriously ill. After some years of inactivity, Đào Duy Từ went south to the land of Nguyễn Lords.〔Tôn Thất Bình, p. 12〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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